Archive for November, 2009

30
Nov

PS1 for your Shell?

Few years ago I went on a quest to find a perfect shell prompt. I asked the mighty Internets for ideas, but it seemed futile. I tried many things, simple prompts, complex prompts, but nothing could satisfy my requirements (I don't even remember what were my requirements back then.) So I picked best of both worlds and got this little monster.

:) oscar:~#

Happy face! And in case of an error, it looks sad.

:( 2 oscar:~#

Cute, a? It even prints the exit code. Useful and cute at the same time! And here is definition of the prompt. As you can see it uses simple function to determine return code of executed command and adjust its feelings accordingly.

smiley() {
    RC=$?
    [[ ${RC} == 0 ]] && echo ':)' || echo ":( ${RC}"
}
export PS1="\$(smiley) \u@\h:\w\\$ "

I think I got the idea for the smiley thing somewhere, but unfortunately I don't remember anymore where from.
For more adventurous people, maybe this prompt would be more interesting.

export PS1="\[\033[0;36m\]\033(0l\033(B\[\033[0m\][\[\033[1;31m\]\u\[\033[0m\]]\[\033[0;36m\]\033(0q\033(B\[\033[0m\][\[\033[1;33m\]@\h\[\033[0m\]]\[\033[0;36m\]\033(0q\033(B\[\033[0m\][\[\033[0;37m\]\T\[\033[0m\]]\[\033[0;36m\]\033(0q\033(B\033(0q\033(B\033(0q\033(B\033(0q\033(B\033(0q\033(B\033(0q\033(B\033(0q\033(B\033(0q\033(B\[\033[0m\][\[\033[1;33m\]\w\[\033[0m\]]\n\[\033[0;36m\]\033(0m\033(B\[\033[0m\]\$ "

Magic! :)

What is your favorite prompt? Please leave boring \u@\h:\w for dinner with your parents. :P
23
Nov

Load Average > 680

I just found this old screenshot from one of my previous jobs. It was taken on December 9th 2003, while one of the web hosting servers went woowoo due to badly optimized web site. Load average went sky high to 682! Anyone else had such a high load before or am I the absolute champion? :)

PS: I was using Fluxbox back than! Wow, crazy youth! :)

16
Nov

LVM Snapshots and XFS

Small note for everyone planing to use Linux LVM snapshots and using XFS at the same time. XFS has UUIDs which are unique identifiers of the filesystem. Two file systems with same UUID can not be mounted on the same server. Now, if we know that a snapshot of a logical volume represents a point-in-time copy of the original logical volume it doesn't take much time to realize that the filesystem on the snapshot is also a copy, thus it will have the same UUID as the filesystem on the original logical volume. So here is what happens when you try to mount the snapshot:

[root@server ~]# df -hT /var/lib/mysql_backup/
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/sys-mysql_backup
              xfs    25G   19G  6.3G  76% /var/lib/mysql_backup
 
[root@server ~]# lvcreate -s -n bkp-snap -L1G /dev/sys/mysql_backup
  Logical volume "bkp-snap" created
 
[root@server ~]# mount /dev/sys/bkp-snap /mnt/misc/
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sys/bkp-snap,
       missing codepage or other
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail or so
 
[root@server ~]# dmesg | tail -1
XFS: Filesystem dm-9 has duplicate UUID - can't mount

It doesn't look very good. There are two solution for this problem. One is to use nouuid option for mount command.

[root@server ~]# mount -o nouuid /dev/sys/bkp-snap /mnt/misc/
 
[root@server ~]# dmesg | tail -3
XFS mounting filesystem dm-9
Starting XFS recovery on filesystem: dm-9 (logdev: internal)
Ending XFS recovery on filesystem: dm-9 (logdev: internal)

Another option would be to change UUID of the filesystem on the snapshot using xfs_admin command.

[root@server ~]# xfs_admin -U generate /dev/sys/bkp-snap
Clearing log and setting UUID
writing all SBs
new UUID = 1bdcf6e1-62fb-47f2-83e4-dc398bb7a1cd
 
[root@server ~]# dmesg | tail -2
XFS mounting filesystem dm-9
Ending clean XFS mount for filesystem: dm-9

I am in favour of the first option (mount -o nouuid) since it does not perform any modification on the filesystem. It just feels safer, that's all... :)
10
Nov

More information on Linux memory management

I have just noticed that I missed to mention one very important thing in my previous post.

File /proc/meminfo contains a very useful field named Committed_AS. This field indicates TOTAL value of committed memory. If all applications would require all memory allocated to them your server would need this amount of memory.

If we look in the example from my previous post we would find following values:

loreto:/tmp # cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:     33274944 kB

Committed_AS: 49751960 kB

So my server has 32GB of RAM, but total amount of memory allocated is 48GB. That is 150%! If all this memory would be required at once server would crash pretty bad (or OOM killer would start butchering my Oracle databases to get some memory back!). :-)